TangKaiyuan . , relationresultInChinese ancient history, experienced the Sung Kang rule , the Western Han Dynasty ,Tang Dynasty Zhenguan and prosperity ,the permanent Xuan cure ,the Qing Dynasty of Kang Qiancheng world six times spirit .
These spirit usually occurs in early Dynasty ,and has the following characteristics :a more wise ,economic prosperity ,political stability ,peace ,strength strong ,relatively perfect legal system .
See not hard ,have a more benign ,perfect legal system and its implement mechanism is formed ,the outward signs of prosperity ,franklin marshall,is also building a prosperous and internal conditions .A legal system ,timely repair and relatively complete Chinese ancient heyday ,much is known as the treat this rule Sheng of the state flag ,and is an important premise is the legal adjustment and relatively complete .
Therefore ,opens the Chinese legislation of ancient history ,it is not difficult to find the complex of prosperity ,every time there are accompanied by legislation and system construction complete .
The Han emperor ascended the throne at the beginning ,then ordered except the harsh laws , as in addition to collect child is sitting imperative waste ,slander, fallacy of the crime ( Han of criminal law ) .
At the beginning of the Han emperor ascended the throne ,and more Law Chapter thirty .Particularly worth mentioning is the emperor ,and emperor also had a history of criminal law has milepost sense penalty reform ,this is in addition to the corporal punishment .
According to the Old Tang ,criminal law :Tang Taizong ascended the throne at the beginning, the target of the martial law Tang Gaozu discusses ,modify ,Tang Zhenguan made the law ;at the same time because of barge law is not convenient when more than 40 thing make reference to the palm ;also delete repair ,christian louboutin uk,business award the Zhenguan ,abercormbie,make Zhenguan type and Zhenguan and other forms of law case judgments ;thus establishing a comprehensive legal system of Tang dynasty .
Formation of Kaiyuan Kaiyuan years is Tang Xuanzong Tang Dynasty law creation most frequent time series :five delete rule format ;compilation Tang 6 code ,supra shoes,open the ancient Chinese administrative legislation codified precedent ;compilation Kaiyuan ceremony ,was officially made ritual activities ;writing imperative thing class format ,the originator system codification form under the imperial law ;a series of supplementary provisions ,only from Tang Huiyao Volume 39 ,40 ,41 can be found in more than twenty relevant decree .
Tang Xuanzong on the law frequently deleted repair additions ,the Tang Dynasty law more perfect and mature .According to the Qingshi Gao of criminal law :Kangxi ascended the throne at the beginning of that criminal law article approval of Department of correction ;Kangxi nineteen years into the first standard of each department ,school activities of administrative rules ? punishment ministry existing rules ;Kangxi twenty-nine years to complete the first administrative law ? Kangxi code ;also developed the central government will test , vassal state-governing department rules and some other administrative law .
During the reign of Qian Long not only on the existing basic code and special laws and regulations were re-edited ,and developed a large number of special law and special law :early life was to article or verified ,edit ,complete set of feudal law in Qing Dynasty and strict and careful statutes into ;the Qian Long code and Qian Long code rules ;development and continuation households , municipal rules rules , official department rules , vassal state-governing department rules , Taiwan regulations wait for more than 10 administrative ,louboutin pas cher,supervisory laws and statutes Mongolia , Tibet , constitution of discretionary aftercare in matters .
Nearly ten ethnic regional special law .Emperor Qianlong extensive and complicated more law law ,development law fields ,and make the regional national legislation peaked .Spirit of the first king monarch broke Zhifa qualitative attachment and respect tradition, informal system ,dedicated to the legal improvement and perfection ,constructed with era and adaptability and relatively complete legal system ,so as to create a better time to form the legal system environment .
Two ,in criminal law in light punishment in ancient people the criminal law means the sticks ,torture and prison ,fear and may look fierce .Therefore ,propagation method simple method of torture or punishment ,is the identification of or tyranny core standard ,directly affect the image of the government ,concerned with the social order and dynastic decline .
Therefore ,the growth in early Dynasty ,abercormbie paris,to the strict Fajun ,extort excessive taxes and levies of the interpretation of it is easy to change rivers ending feeling especially deep spirit monarch ,is committed to the simple method of light punishment ,namely simple criminal penalty ,reduce severe .
said: , namely to inconvenience people ban Ordinance will be reduced, for the benefit of people; especially the emperor all-around is mainly by the knout replaced the ink, cut off the nose, such as the bodylight punishment At the same time ,he also will be lifelong imprisonment at hard labor system to the term system .
No wonder Ban Gu called the Han Emperor Jinwangshukuo , service in heavy ( Han of criminal law ) .The Han emperor to light punishment seriously particularly ,declared to dismember said city to abandon ,you no longer dismember ,abolished the cruel dismember punishment ;Xiazhao death to rot who promised ,franklin et marshall, when the city to abandon desire behead right toe who promised ,which allowed the death penalty with him instead of death penalty reform in view of the emperor ;he only means change ,ignore the punishment severe ,also in two under imperial reduce flogging ,and develop a hammer for that ,caning implementation developed specific rules ,so as to make the penalty severe greatly reduced ( Han Jingdi Ji ) .
Tang Taizong in the Hirohito Ji world ,and to criminal law especially cautious ,the modification of the law when he Zhenguan rule massively reduced : old law minus free persons ( death ) ninety-two ,cut into seventy-one acts ,where the cutting propagation to valens ,variable weight light ,innumerable ;delete brother sit all die the law, since ancient death penalty is ,cheap supra shoes,in addition to its half .
;the creation of reducing death penalty ,alternative may be to the dead man ,so that it should be the dead to life ( Old Tang ,criminal law ) .In view of the fact that put the five internal organs, Tang Taizong had also issued an imperial edict sinner no whip back ,beating back the torture abolition .
Kangxi in the punishment ministry existing rules , was scheduled for a cane when ten to half off to sixty percent off in addition to zero ,and regulations ,chaussure jordan,acts ,exile and staff must to distributing to the rear folding responsibility .
( Qingshi Gao of criminal law ) in three ,from the economic and policy system of taxes and corvee thin light Fu relates to people the relationship between economic development ,influence public support, therefore ,spirit is always with a thin convergence follow shadow .
According to the Han :the emperor in the Han Emperor fifteen tax on the basis of several tax rate :two years to give people the land rent of half ,namely thirty tax ;twelve years and give people tax half ,to sixty tax ;thirteen years was in addition to Tian tax ,which abolished the land tax .
When the Han emperor is returned to land ,but are still as tax a very low tax rates .In addition ,christian louboutin,the emperor for two years in Zhaoyu stressed , Wu province and taking charge of convenience ,emperor in Zhaoyu specifically mentioned in the province and Fu initiatives to benefit .
Tang Taizong and Tang Xuanzong have repeatedly Xiazhao breaks a rent and corvee assigned ,and by law and decree ordered local officials light and Tang : the stipulation, illegal Hing and miscellaneous corvee, ten have more Zuozang theory ;according to the Tang imperial edicts set ,Tang Xuanzong told officials in several times in the edict also stressed that to have ,and as the police duty and assessment of official standard .
Kangxi fifty-one years ,louis vuitton,released spirit of breeding population, never add an ode ,also announced that within three years of national general exemption tax time, are all things gone .
Qian Long begins with Yong Zheng farmland policy to national ,the fourth one tax ,cancel in ancient China was implemented for more than two thousand years of the poll tax .Thin and light Fu ,reduced farmer burden ,promote the production development ,the prosperity of the wealth of nations laid economic foundation .
In four ,the cautious punishment : kill Shi Yun shirt punishment for the spirit cannot waste ,but also as the spirit is still . ( sikuquanshuzongmu ,official department certificate class spirit ) is performed in judicial punishment ,that is prudent penalty to kill ,moncler sito eufficiale,that caution in conviction and sentencing ,not random penalty killing .
Criminal law in Han Wen justice sin doubt to the people ,is to punish big province ,namely crime doubt difficult definitely ,louis vuitton outlet,lighter or exempted from punishment ,penalty punishment that reduce the number of .
The Han emperor to avoid improper enforcement officials caution ,torture ,two promulgated archives of Yiyu Chao ,requirements on difficult cases must be a review ( Han Jingdi Ji ) .
According to the Old Tang book and criminal law in mind: Tang Taizong to fully embody the lenient cautious punishment of the principles of Justice ( consider interrogating prisoners prison ) system ? through hearing examine the inmates to judicial supervision ,rectifying flat case for very seriously, not only I often even interrogating prisoners ,and expressly the prison of Sir ,five a book in prison .
The system of interrogating prisoners ,normalization .Zhenguan twenty-one years later,christian louboutin pas cher, the emperor each considered in prison ,recorded two hundred people , case ,the emperor personally asked interrogating prisoners become regular system .
The death penalty is life ,abercrombie,social echo is huge, the death penalty carefully and not,jordan pas cher, affect the reputation and social stability . Han Wen Ji referred to the twenty-three year of the reign of the emperor ,abercrombie pas cher, hundreds of trials ,a few to punishment .
That is all over the world to death but hundreds of decisions ,almost no capital punishment .When the Han Emperor was giving an emphasis , prison ,the gearing ,the dead not revivable ,and stated Yiyu Sonata archives ( Han Jingdi Ji ) .
Tang Taizong ,Emperor Xuanzong of death penalty decision extremely prudent ,according to the Old Tang ,piumini moncler,criminal law :in five years,louboutin, Tang Taizong with life is the most important ,a die non-renewable will before death three double the emperor approved to meet five double ,county three double ,if not be complex report but never ,flow two thousand .
And the imperial reform requirements , according to the law in death ,there can be reserved ,should be recorded or played smell .Tang Xuanzong also in shirt stipulated in the penal system , since this is guilty of death ,in addition to wicked crime ,should make the Zhongshumenxia and judge are made according to the weight ,like to smell .
According to historical records ,in four years, there were twenty-nine people sentenced to death ; Xuanzong Kaiyuan twenty-five years , of death penalty trials ,the world only fifty-eight people ( New Tang Taizong Chronicles ; Old Tang ,moncler,criminal law ) .
The population of roughly four ,fifty million years off to death ,only dozens of people, the ancient rare .According to the Qingshi Gao ,Kangxi was imperial rule with light shoot prison torture life ,the offender crime ; under life is important .
.. ? As excusable ,namely opens the way out .Qian Long was a collaborative audit by pivot death case and reporting the emperor decided to make autumn trial ,the trial system in more attention ,not only will the prominent shirt .
the perfection and standardization ,and the problem of the condemned criminal record to play repeatedly laid ,often to five or six times, have to be beyond all doubt ,then to and the big bachelor discretion to award four ,then ,shows Qian Long on death cases approved be strict in one and the cautious judgment .
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